2026 Settlement Infrastructure Guide

Deposit Tokens, CBDCs, and Stablecoins

Understand how deposit tokens and private stablecoins fit into Korea’s Project Hangang and tokenized asset discussions.

Updated as of 2026-05-22
1The three basic models

Digital KRW settlement discussions include CBDCs issued by a central bank, deposit tokens that represent bank deposits, and private stablecoins backed by reserves.

CBDC

Digital money designed as a central bank liability, with strong finality and public infrastructure characteristics.

Deposit Token

A payment instrument that represents a bank deposit in token form and operates inside the banking regulatory perimeter.

Stablecoin

A private digital asset designed to track a reference currency through reserves and redemption mechanisms.

2Issuer and responsibility comparison

For users, the key difference is who issues the asset, who owes redemption, and what legal protections may apply.

TypeMain valueWatch point
CBDCCentral bank trust and settlement finalityPrivate-sector use may depend on policy design.
Deposit TokenBank deposit-based payments and enterprise settlementCheck issuing bank, deposit protection scope, and transfer rules.
StablecoinOpen networks and global distributionReserves, redemption, freezing powers, and compliance are core risks.
3Where Korea’s debate stands

The Bank of Korea has discussed CBDCs and deposit tokens as primary settlement assets for tokenized finance, while treating stablecoins as a complementary model.

  • Project Hangang is a key example of deposit-token-based settlement experimentation.
  • Private KRW stablecoins may still serve payments, remittance, and exchange liquidity demand.
  • Regulatory choices may split bank-led, fintech-led, and VASP-led models.
4User checklist

Tokens with similar names can have very different safeguards and use cases. Start with these questions before using one.

Questions before real use

  • Who owes redemption, and when can the token be converted back to cash?
  • Are reserves or deposit-based assets audited and disclosed?
  • What happens during freezing, network outages, or transfer suspensions?
Deposit Tokens vs Stablecoins: CBDC and KRW Stablecoin Comparison | KRW Stable